GEOGRAPHICAL BACK GROUND

GEOGRAPHICAL BACK GROUND

Geographical Details.

Ø Revenue Blocks : 7

Ø Educational Blocks : 9

Ø Gramapanchayaths : 236

Ø Revenue villages : 1328

Ø Habitation : 1984

Location and Area.

The district lies between 11⁰ 60” and 21⁰ 17” North latitude and 75⁰ 19” and 77⁰ 77” East longitude. Physiographically it lies partly between maiden and semi-malnad range at an altitude of 610 meters from the sea level. The district covers a total geographical area of 6,76,382 hectares of which 62,851 hectares constitutes forest land. The net cultivable land is 4,86,410 hectares and 1,14,010 hectares of land is irrigated. The prominent river of the district is cauvery. Mysore district may be considered as one of the prosperous district of the state based on the development and utilization of irrigation facilities, abundance of forest wealth and its sericultural products.

Agro-Climatic Conditions.

The climatic conditions of the district are favourable to the crops like Paddy, Jawar, Ragi, Pulses, Sugarcane and Tobacco. The district can be divided into two agro-climatic zones. Southern dry zone comprising of 4 taluks namely, Nanjangud, T.Narasipur, Mysore and K.R.Nagar and southern transition zone consisting of H.D.Kote, Hunsur, & Periyapatna. Soil is red sandy loam in most of the areas of the district. The annual rainfall ranges from 670 mm to 888.6mm in dry zones and from 611.7mm to 1053.9mm in the transition zone. The average annual rainfall is 782mm. The temperature ranges from 11⁰ C to 38⁰ C. Thus the climate of Mysore district is temperate with moderate variations in temperature in different seasons.

Languages.

The spoken languages of Mysore district & the percentage of speakers are as follows.

· Kannada-83% ( Third highest in Karnataka state. Mandya 92% & Hassan 86%)

· Urdu- 6%, Telugu-3%, Tamil- 4%, Marathi-1%, Malayalam-0.55%, Tulu-0.18%, Konkani-0.13% and Lamani-0.12% in the district according to the 1971 census.

Religions.

As per 1981 census, the notable religions in the district are Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Jainism and Buddhism.

Socio-Economic Condition.

64.21% of population belongs to rural area and their main occupation is agriculture. SC and ST population of HD.Kote, Nanjangud, Hunsur and Periyapatna have low standard of living and also low literacy level.

IMPORTANT PLACES.

Maharaja’s Palace.
Jaganmohan Palace Art Gallery.
St.Philomena’s Church.
JayaChamarajendra Zoological Garden.
Chamundi Hill.
Lalithamahal Palace.
Kaveri Arts & Crafts Emporium.
Town Hall.
Curzon Park.
Mysore University.
Natural History Museum.
Milk Diary.
Kalamandira.

IMPORTANT LAKES.

Karanji Lake.
Kukkarahalli Lake.
Lingambudi Lake.

INDUSTRIES.

SILK Factory.
Sandal Wood Factory.
Lac & Paint.
Fertilizers.
BEML.
TVS Industries.
Vikranth Tyres.
Falcon Tyres.
AT & S.
Automative Axile.
Nestle
Paper mill
Atlanta mill
Reid & Talor.
S.Kumar’s
Small scale industries – Match box, Dyanamo, Garment.

RESEARCH CENTRES.

C.F.T.R.I.
D.F.R.L.
C.I.I.L.
INFOSYS.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.

History

Mysore forms the southern most district of Karnataka state and is situated in the southern part of Deccan peninsula. The name Mysore is derived from Mahishasura, the buffalo-headed demon who lived in this area and was killed by Goddess Chamundi.

Mysore was the name, by which Karnataka state was known prior to 1973. It is now the head quarter of the district and also the revenue division. It is also known as one of the garden cities of India and is famous for the pomp and gaiety of its traditional Dasara festival. It also has a historical significance of being ruled by Hyder and Tipu. Some of the places belonging to the Mysore district are of great antiquity, which includes Tirumakudalu Narasipura, Hemmige etc.

Tourism:

Some of the important tourist places of the district are:

(1) Maharaja’s Palace:- Built in the Indo-Saracenic style, the Palace is a magestic structure at the heart of the city. It was designed by Henry-Irwin. The dolls hall, the kalyana mantap containing life size paintings and murals of the Dasara procession, Durbar hall and the Ambavilas are open to the visitors. The golden throne is displayed only during Dasara festival.

(2) Jaganmohan Palace Art Gallery:- The building was built in 1861 and was converted into an art gallery during the reign of Krishnaraja Wodeyar-IV. It has paintings of the members of the royal family. Works of Raja Ravivarma and other Indian and western painters, display of furnitures, glass and chinawares, oriental and western, decorative arts sculpture and musical instruments.

(3) St.Philomena’s Church:- It has beautifully stained glass windows, built in the Gothic style and it is one of the largest church in the country.

(4) Chamarajendra Zoological Garden:- Started in the year 1892, spread over an area of 37.25 hectares is laid out in beautiful garden. Efforts have been made to create a natural habitat for a variety of birds and animals.

(5) Chamundi Hill:- A prominent landmark located at the outskirts of the city, can be reached by road or by climbing up 1000 steps.. Temple of goddess Chamundi which was built by Wodeyars is on top of the hill. Goddess Chamundi is the family deity of the rulers. The statue of the demon Mahishasura who was killed by goddess Chamundi is near the temple.

(6) Govt. Silk Factory:- The renowned Mysore silks are woven here.

(7) Govt Sandal Wood Oil Factory:- Aromatic oil from the sandal tree is produced here.

(8) Lalithamahal Palace:- It is built at the foots of Chamundi hill. This palace was used to accommodate Royal guests. Palace is white in colour; Krishnaraja Wodeyar built its dome in 1921. Several ornamentation in this building is reminiscent of British Palaces.

(9) Somanathapura:- This Star based temple which is an architectural marvel was built in 1268 AD by a Hoysala general Somanatha Dandanayaka. It is famous for its elaborate architecture and sculptures on fine stone. The Hoysala architecture reached it’s perfection in Somanathapur.

(10) Bylakuppe:- A small village on the Mysore-Madikeri road, Bylakuppe became famous as a rehabilitation centre for Tibetan refugees. Buddhist, Golden temple is a new attraction for the tourists.

(11) Gomatagire:- Located about 18 kms from Mysore on Hunsur road a Jain piligrim center.

(12) Kabini River Lodge:- 80 kms from Mysore on the banks of the river kabine, sets the Kabini River lodge, rated as one of the top five eco resorts. To view the wild life one can venture on a jeep safari or an elephant safari or by drifting downstream sitting in a coracle.

(13) Talakad:- Famous for Panchalinga Darshana, located on the Banks of river Cauvery. It is fully surrounded by sand beds.

(14) T.Narasipura:- Famous for Triveni Sangama & Kumbamela performed once in 3 years.

(15) Nanjanagud:- The place is known as Dakshina Kashi with temple of Srikanteshwara built on the bank of river Kabini & also famous for Suttur Mutt.

General Information.

Table 1.1:General information of the district.

Block Name	Revenue Villages	Habitations	Grama Panchayaths	Wards	Area in Sq Kms.
H.D.Kote	281	438	32	38	1618
Hunsur	210	212	30	23	897
K.R.Nagara	176	248	31	23	605
Mysore Urban	-	65	-	65	815
Mysore Rural	140	206	35	4	815
Nanjangud	188	255	45	27	982
Periyapatna	201	356	27	13	815
T.Narasipura	132	204	36	33	599
Total =	1328	1984	236	226	6331

Source: Household survey: 2001.

There are 7 revenue administrative blocks and 9 educational blocks. Mysore block is divided into two educational blocks Viz Mysore Urban and Mysore Rural. Mysore urban is further bifurcated into two educational blocks Viz Mysore North and Mysore South for administrative purpose. H.D.Kote and Nanjangud blocks are having vast geographical area because of forest. Nanjangud block is having more number of gramapanchayaths in the district; this is due to more population in the district compared to remaining blocks of the district. Apart from the above, the district has 9 municipalities, 1 city corporation, 7 taluka panchayaths, 42 zilla panchayath constituencies, 1 parliamentary constituency and 11 assembly constituencies.

Demographic Information.

Table 1.2:Population of the district.

Block	Urban Population				Rural Population
Block	Male	Female	% F	Total	Male	Female	% F	Total
H.D.Kote	6189	5854	48.61	12043	116853	113719	49.32	230572
Hunsur	22395	21498	48.98	43893	107654	106591	49.75	214245
K.R.Nagara	15589	15014	49.06	30603	104926	103626	49.69	208552
Mysore Urban	399904	385896	49.11	785800	-	-	-	-
Mysore Rural	6203	5708	47.92	11911	121720	116890	48.99	238610
Nanjangud	24384	23836	49.43	48220	158345	151850	48.95	310195
Periyapatna	7601	7321	49.06	14922	108212	100888	48.25	209100
T.Narasipura	16766	16354	49.38	33120	125303	119733	48.86	245036
Total =	499031	481481	48.94	980512	843013	813297	49.10	1656310

Source: Census-2001.

The male population is slightly more than female population in all the blocks including urban and rural area.

Table 1.3:Decadel Growth and Density.

Population (in lakh)			% of decadal growth		Population density per sq kms.
Total	Male	Female	1991	2001	1991	2001
26.24	13.35	12.89	24.84	15.04	333	383

Source: Census: 1991 & Census-2001.

The male population is considerably high compared to female population. The decadel growth rate has been decreased from 24.84% to 15.04%.

SC / ST Population:

Table 1.4: SC / ST Population in the district:

Block	Population	SC				ST
Block	Population	Male	Female	Total	%	Male	Female	Total	%
H.D.Kote	216399	27472	26346	55818	25.79	5977	5344	11321	5.23
Hunsur	222173	20547	19342	39879	17.95	12081	11376	23457	10.56
K.R.Nagara	217370	14002	13133	27135	12.48	755	710	1465	0.67
Mysore Rural	854499	56453	48870	105323	12.33	7081	6129	13210	1.55
Nanjangud	324198	38042	32537	70579	21.77	12525	10714	2339	0.72
Periyapatna	188902	17254	13230	30484	16.14	3668	2815	6483	3.43
T.Narasipura	258112	33909	28653	62562	24.24	2777	2347	5124	1.99
Total =	2281653	207679	182111	391780	17.17	44864	39435	63399	2.78

Source: Census-2001.

The % of SC is more in H.D.Kote (25.79%), T.Narasipura (24.24%) and Nanjangud (21.77%) blocks compared to remaining blocks of the district. The % of ST population is more in Hunsur (10.56%) H.D.Kote (5.23%) and Periyapatna (3.43%) compared to remaining blocks.

Details of Sex Ratio and Density.

Sex ratio of the district is 965 female per 1000 males and district population density is 419 per sq.kms. Table 1.5: Sex ratio per 1000 males.

	1901	1911	1921	1931	1941	1951	1961	1971	1981	1991	2001
Karnataka	1983	981	969	965	960	966	959	957	963	960	964
Mysore	1009	1007	989	976	961	966	942	936	948	953	965

Source: Census report.

The female ratio of Mysore district is almost on par with the state as per census-2001. Sex ratio has been marginally increased by 1% compared to 1991 census.

Table 1.6: Block wise detail of sex ratio and density of population.

Block	Sex ratio per 1000 males	Population density
H.D.Kote	972	149
Hunsu	985	288
K.R.Nagara	984	395
Mysore Rural	990	1257
Nanjangud	961	365
Periyapatna	935	275
T.Narasipura	958	464
Average =	965	419

Source: ZP Planning division-2001.

Population density of H.D.Kote (149 per sq.kms) is lowest of all the blocks is due to forest area. Mysore (rural and urban) is thickly populated area where all basic amenities are easily available and employment opportunities are more.

History

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